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Josiah Spode
Josiah Spode (23 March 1733 – 1797) was an English potter and the founder of the English Spode pottery works which became famous for the quality of its wares. He is often credited with the establishment of blue underglaze transfer printing in Staffordshire in 1781–84, and with the definition and introduction in c. 1789–91 of the improved formula for bone china (a form of soft-paste porcelain) which thereafter remained the standard for all English wares of this kind.
== Early life ==
Josiah Spode was born in a village that is now part of Stoke-on-Trent. Spode was a pauper's son and also a pauper's orphan at the age of six. He was apprenticed to potter Thomas Whieldon in November (Martinmas) 1749, and remained with him until at least 1754, the year in which Josiah Wedgwood became Whieldon's business partner. Wedgwood stayed with Whieldon until 1759. Spode worked alongside Wedgwood and with the celebrated potter Aaron Wood (father of Enoch Wood) under Whieldon's tuition, and was with Whieldon at the high point of production there.〔Hayden 1925, 2, 4, 7.〕
The suggestion that Spode took over the factory of Ralph Baddeley and Thomas Fletcher during the late 1750s and early 1760s is now discounted.〔(R. Copeland, ''Spode'' (Shire Books), 2nd Edn (Osprey 1998), 4 )〕 After John Turner left Stoke for Lane End in 1762, Spode is said to have carried on the factory of William Banks, Turner's partner, at Stoke for him for some time. There he began to make creamware (a fine cream-coloured earthenware) with blue painted decoration as well as white stoneware in the manner of John Turner, and continued to perfect his potting technique. He was powerfully influenced by Turner's work. He also made black ware and maintained a printing press for black transfer printing. He was engaged as master potter, but it is not known whether his work there was consecutive or sporadic.〔Hayden 1925, 9–10, 14.〕
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